Final answer:
The correct option is A). A primatologist is an anthropologist who studies the social behavior of gorillas in captivity, focusing on their behavior, interactions, and cognitive abilities, which helps in understanding human evolution and social dynamics.
Step-by-step explanation:
An anthropologist who studies the social behavior of gorillas in captivity would be classified as a primatologist. Primatology is a subfield of anthropology that focuses on the study of primates, including both living and fossil species, and their behavior, social structures, and interactions with the environment. By studying the social behavior of primates, primatologists gain insights into human evolution, communication, and social dynamics, making significant contributions to our understanding of anthropology and biology. Notable work in this field by researchers such as Jane Goodall and Sue Savage-Rumbaugh has illuminated the cognitive capabilities of primates and the similarities they share with humans.
Additionally, this area explores questions around nonhuman primate culture, tool use, language, and the survival challenges they face due to habitat loss and illegal hunting. Through the study of primates like gorillas, primatologists can provide deeper insights into human origins, intelligence, and social behavior.