Final answer:
During the translation process, the sequence of an mRNA molecule is transformed into a protein by going through the stages of initiation, elongation, and termination. A ribosome binds to mRNA to start protein synthesis, then tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome where they are linked together, and the process ends when a stop codon is read.
Step-by-step explanation:
Translation Process in Protein Synthesis
The transformation that occurs during the translation process involves converting the sequence of an mRNA molecule into a specific amino acid sequence of a protein. This process is fundamental in the field of biology and is critical for all living organisms. The mechanism of translation involves several stages:
Initiation: A ribosome binds to the mRNA molecule, recognizing the start codon AUG, which also codes for methionine. This signals the beginning of protein synthesis.
Elongation: tRNA molecules carrying amino acids recognizetheir complementary mRNA codons and bind to them through their anticodons. The ribosome then facilitates the formation of covalent bonds between the amino acids, forming a polypeptide chain.
Termination: The elongation process continues until a stop codon is encountered on the mRNA. Protein release factors recognize these codons and help to disassemble the translation complex, releasing the newly synthesized protein.
This translation process is crucial as it dictates how genes in DNA are ultimately expressed as proteins, which perform a multitude of functions within the cell.