Final answer:
The correct answer is C. The new type of agricultural worker during the Pax Romana was known as the colonus, who was tied to the land and worked on large estates.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the Pax Romana, a new type of agricultural worker emerged known as the colonus. Unlike slaves, who were considered property and could be bought or sold, the colonus was a tenant farmer who became increasingly bound to the land during the later period of the Roman Empire. Colonii were similar to serfs in the medieval system; they were not slaves but were tied to the land, often due to debt, and provided labor on large estates owned by the rich.
This system was a response to the economic and social changes that occurred as a result of the overreliance on slave labor, which both undermined free Roman citizens, particularly farmers, and also stymied technological progress due to the abundance of cheap labor.