Final answer:
The correct answer is d. Grand strategies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is d. Grand strategies.
Growth, stability, and defensive strategies are common types of grand strategies. Grand strategies are overarching plans that organizations use to achieve their long-term goals. These strategies help organizations determine their direction and focus on how to allocate their resources effectively.
For example, a growth strategy focuses on expanding the organization's market share and increasing its sales and revenue. A stability strategy aims to maintain the current level of operations and competitive position. A defensive strategy focuses on protecting the organization from potential threats and risks.