Final answer:
Max Weber characterized a bureaucracy as having a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality. These characteristics are essential for the functioning of a bureaucracy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Max Weber characterized a bureaucracy as having a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality. These characteristics are essential for the functioning of a bureaucracy. A bureaucracy is a formal organization that relies on a formal hierarchy to manage tasks efficiently, with each level having a clear chain of command. The division of labor ensures that tasks are allocated to individuals or groups based on their specialized skills and expertise. Explicit rules provide a framework for decision-making and promote consistency and fairness in bureaucratic processes. Impersonality ensures that decisions are based on objective criteria rather than personal biases. By adhering to these characteristics, bureaucracies aim to achieve efficiency, standardization, and accountability in their operations.