Final answer:
A chromosome interval map represents the physical distance between genes on a chromosome. It is created using methods like cytogenetic mapping, radiation hybrid mapping, and sequence mapping. Physical maps help researchers study individual genes and understand the genetic makeup of different organisms.
Step-by-step explanation:
A chromosome interval map is a representation of the physical distance, in nucleotides, between genes or genetic markers on a chromosome. It provides a detailed overview of the order and spacing of genes on the chromosome.
There are three methods used to create a physical map: cytogenetic mapping, radiation hybrid mapping, and sequence mapping. Cytogenetic mapping uses microscopic analysis of stained sections of the chromosome to determine the approximate distance between genetic markers. Radiation hybrid mapping breaks the DNA into fragments using radiation and adjusts the amount of radiation to create smaller or larger fragments. Sequence mapping provides the exact physical distance between genetic markers.
Physical maps are essential for researchers to study individual genes and gain a complete understanding of the genome. They help determine the relationships and differences between organisms' genetic makeup.