Final answer:
To determine the limiting reactant between S and O2, one must calculate the molar amounts of each reactant and compare them to their coefficients in the balanced chemical reaction equation. This can be done through a mass-mass calculation comparing reactants to determine which one produces the least product and is thus the limiting agent.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of determining the limiting reactant or limiting reagent in a chemical reaction involves comparing the mole ratios of the reactants to their coefficients in the balanced chemical equation. To identify the limiting reactant between sulfur (S) and oxygen (O2), we would need to calculate the number of moles of each reactant present. This is done using their respective atomic or molecular weights. After calculating the moles, you then compare these amounts to see which reactant has the lesser molar quantity relative to the stoichiometry of the balanced equation.
For example, consider a reaction where silver (Ag) reacts with sulfur (S). The balanced equation is 2Ag (s) + S(s) → Ag2S (s). If you have the moles of Ag and S, you would use the balanced equation to determine how much S would be needed to react with the Ag present. If the available moles of S are less than what is needed, then S is the limiting reactant. Conversely, if there is more S than required, then Ag would be the limiting reactant.
When determining the limiting reagent for a reaction involving arsenic (As) and O2, a mass-mass calculation is also performed. This calculation helps establish the relationship between the mass of As and the required mass of O2. Subtract the mass of O2 that reacted from the original amount to find the excess O2.