Final answer:
The student's question deals with calculating pH during various points of a titration process, highlighting principles of acid-base reactions and buffer systems in chemistry at a college level.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question involves calculating the pH during a titration process, which is a common procedure in chemistry that involves the gradual addition of one solution to another to form a neutralized solution or a specific pH condition. The examples provided include titrations of strong acid with strong base (HBr and KOH), as well as weak acid with strong base (formic acid and NaOH). Changes in pH based on the volume of titrant added represents the essence of acid-base titration curves. The scenarios provided explore both buffered and unbuffered solutions, illustrating the concept of buffer action against pH changes.