Final answer:
The MIPS machine language instruction for the assembly instruction 'lw $s3, 40($s0)' is '100011 10000 01100 0000 0000 0000 1010'.
Step-by-step explanation:
A MIPS program consists of a sequence of 32-bit instruction words, whose meanings and encoding are described by the MIPS Reference Sheet.
The location of the first word is defined to be 0; the location of the next word is 4; and so on. Traditionally, locations are given in hexadecimal notation.
The given machine language instruction for the MIPS assembly instruction lw $s3, 40($s0) is 100011 10000 01100 0000 0000 0000 1010.In MIPS machine language, the lw instruction is encoded as 100011.
The registers $s3 and $s0 are represented by their binary identifiers 01100 and 10000, respectively. The offset value 40 is converted to its 16-bit binary representation 0000 0000 1010.