Final answer:
Observing an umbilical cord protruding from the vagina during the first stage of labor is an emergency called umbilical cord prolapse. Immediate actions include calling for medical help, repositioning the patient to relieve pressure, manually elevating the presenting part of the fetus, preparing for a probable emergency cesarean section, and continuous fetal monitoring.
Step-by-step explanation:
The observation of an umbilical cord protruding from the vagina during the first stage of labor is an emergency situation known as umbilical cord prolapse. This requires immediate action to reduce the risk of cord compression and compromised blood flow to the fetus. The nurse should consider the following steps:
- Call for immediate medical assistance. This condition is a medical emergency.
- Assist the patient into a knee-chest or Trendelenburg position to relieve pressure on the cord.
- Apply gentle manual pressure to the presenting part of the fetus to elevate it and reduce compression of the cord.
- Prepare the patient for a possible emergency cesarean section to safely deliver the baby.
- Monitor fetal heart rate continuously to assess for signs of distress.
- Keep the patient informed and provide emotional support during this critical situation.
It is crucial to act promptly to ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby.