Final answer:
Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire in the early 1530s, capturing and executing Inca ruler Atahualpa, and later founded Lima, Peru, which he claimed for Spain.
Step-by-step explanation:
Francisco Pizarro and the Conquest of the Inca Empire
Francisco Pizarro, a Spanish conquistador, led the conquest of the Inca Empire and claimed the territory that is now known as Peru for Spain. Pizarro was appointed the governor of Peru in 1529 following the Capitulación de Toledo, and by 1532, with a small force of 168 men, he arrived in Peru exploiting a civil war within the Inca Empire.
The Spanish captured and later executed the Inca ruler, Atahualpa, in 1533, despite Atahualpa's promise to deliver a room full of gold and silver. Pizarro established the city of Lima in 1535 and was assassinated in 1541. The Inca resistance continued, culminating in the unsuccessful siege of Cuzco by Manco Inca in 1536, but they were ultimately subdued and the region was integrated into the Spanish colonial empire.