Final answer:
The correct answer is exception handling, which properly handles the side effects of a function.The correct option is C.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to this question is exception handling. Exception handling is a programming technique that allows a program to handle and recover from unexpected events or errors, known as exceptions. By using exception handling, side effects produced by a function can be properly handled, ensuring that the program continues to run smoothly.
Callback functions can be used to handle asynchronous operations, but they do not specifically handle side effects caused by a function. Global variables can lead to unexpected side effects and are generally not recommended. Functional programming with immutability reduces side effects by using immutable data structures, but it may not be the most appropriate solution in all cases.