Question

Which of the following outcomes will most likely result from a change in the shape of the mitochondrial inner membrane from a highly folded surface to a smooth, flat surface?

a) Increased ATP production
b) Decreased surface area for chemical reactions
c) Enhanced cellular respiration
d) Improved nutrient absorption

Answer 1

The correct answer is b) Decreased surface area for chemical reactions. The mitochondrial inner membrane is highly folded and compartmentalized to create cristae, which are the sites of oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis12. The cristae increase the surface area of the inner membrane, allowing more space for the electron transport chain and the ATP synthase complexes1. If the inner membrane became smooth and flat, the surface area would decrease, and the efficiency of energy production would be reduced2. The other options are incorrect because they are either the opposite of what would happen or unrelated to the inner membrane structure.

Answer 2

Flattening the highly folded mitochondrial inner membrane would decrease surface area for chemical reactions, reducing the efficiency of ATP production.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question pertains to the structural change in the mitochondrial inner membrane and its impact on cellular respiration. Changing the shape of the mitochondrial inner membrane from a highly folded surface to a smooth, flat surface will most likely result in a decreased surface area for chemical reactions. The inner membrane's folds, called cristae, significantly increase the surface area, which is crucial for the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis to occur efficiently. Therefore, flattening these folds would reduce the efficiency of ATP production, as there would be less surface area for the critical reactions of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase activity to take place.