Final answer:
The flow of genetic information follows the Central Dogma, starting with DNA, which is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into proteins. This universal process is essential for the functioning of living cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
The flow of genetic information within living cells follows a fundamental pathway known as the Central Dogma of molecular biology. This process begins with DNA, which contains the genetic blueprint of the organism. Through a process called transcription, genetic information from DNA is transferred to messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA then travels to the ribosome, where translation occurs. During translation, the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA is read and used to assemble a chain of amino acids, forming a protein. The genetic code used in this process is universal to almost all organisms, making it a pivotal concept in the study of biology.