Final answer:
Ecological succession is the sequential appearance and disappearance of species in a community over time. Primary succession occurs in new land, while secondary succession occurs in disturbed areas. Both types of succession lead to the establishment of a more permanent community called a climax community.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ecological succession refers to the sequential appearance and disappearance of species in a community over time. Primary succession occurs in new or newly-formed land, while secondary succession occurs in areas that have been previously inhabited but have experienced disturbance. Primary succession starts with pioneer species, such as hearty plants and lichens that break down the substrate and contribute to soil formation. Secondary succession occurs in areas like fields or forests that have been cleared or disturbed, where the pioneer species may be grasses. Eventually, both types of succession lead to the development of a more permanent community called a climax community.