Final answer:
In a diploid cell, the DNA content in the G1 phase is 2X, it doubles to 4X during the S phase, remains at 4X through the G2 phase, and finally, after the M phase, results in two daughter cells with 2X DNA each. During meiosis, however, the process ultimately produces four haploid cells with a DNA content of 1X each.
Step-by-step explanation:
For a diploid cell where X equals the haploid DNA content, the DNA content at different phases of the cell cycle is as follows:
- G1 phase: The DNA content is 2X, which is the diploid amount as the cell has not yet replicated its DNA.
- S phase: This is the synthesis phase where DNA replication occurs. By the end of this phase, the DNA content doubles to 4X.
- G2 phase: After DNA replication, the cell enters the G2 phase with a DNA content of 4X. There are twice as many chromatids, but the number of chromosomes is still considered as 2X.
- M phase (mitosis): During mitosis, the DNA content remains at 4X until the cell divides, resulting in two daughter cells each with 2X DNA content post-cytokinesis.
Meiosis has a different outcome than mitosis, leading to the production of haploid gametes. After meiosis I, the two daughter cells have a haploid DNA content (1X), because homologous chromosomes are separated. Meiosis II further separates sister chromatids into four haploid cells, each with a haploid DNA content (1X).