Final answer:
Hubs use collision detection, repeaters use signal amplification, and switches use MAC address learning as their learning processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The learning process that hubs use is known as collision detection. When a device sends data to the hub, it checks if the network is idle. If it is, the hub broadcasts the data to all connected devices. If collisions occur, the hub stops transmitting and waits for a random amount of time before trying again.
The learning process that repeaters use is known as signal amplification. They receive the signal from one device and regenerate it before transmitting it to other devices on the network. Repeaters operate at the physical layer of the OSI model and have no knowledge of the devices or protocols being used.
The learning process that switches use is known as MAC address learning. When a device sends data to a switch, the switch examines the source MAC address and the port from which the data was received. It then adds this information to its MAC address table, associating the MAC address with the corresponding port. When the switch receives data with a destination MAC address, it checks its MAC address table to determine the appropriate port to forward the data to, greatly reducing collisions and improving network efficiency.