Final answer:
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity that do not alter DNA sequences but can be influenced by environmental factors. These modifications are crucial for both normal biological processes and the development of diseases. Understanding epigenetics has significant implications for treatment and prevention strategies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Epigenetics
The emerging science that studies environmentally induced modifications of gene activity, without changes to the DNA code, is known as epigenetics. Alterations in epigenetic modifications can affect DNA accessibility and transcription, leading to changes in gene expression. For example, environmental stimuli such as ultraviolet light can produce epigenetic changes that may alter the expression of genes in ways that can lead to skin cancer or other diseases.
Environmental Stimuli and Gene Expression
Environmental factors like nutrient deficiencies, toxins, and lifestyle choices can lead to epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modification. These modifications do not change the DNA sequence itself, but they can affect how genes are turned on or off. Studies of epigenetics have shown links between environments, behaviors, and the regulation of genes within a single human lifetime, which can also be hereditary and affect future generations.
Relevance to Disease and Development
Epigenetics has important implications for understanding complex biological processes including development, aging, and the pathogenesis of diseases like cancer. For instance, in cancer cells, altering epigenetic modifications can reactivate genes that were previously turned off, opening potential pathways for treatment.