Final answer:
Cells have multiple pathways for repairing DNA damage and avoiding DNA replication errors, including direct reversal, using a template from the unmodified complementary strand or the sister chromatid, and translesion synthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cells have multiple pathways for repairing DNA damage and avoiding DNA replication errors. One example of a repair mechanism is direct reversal, where cells chemically reverse damage to their DNA without a template. Another example is using the unmodified complementary strand of the DNA or the sister chromatid as a template to recover the original DNA information. Additionally, cells can use an error-prone recovery mechanism called translesion synthesis when no template is available.