Final answer:
Cytochrome c binds an adapter protein to recruit procaspase, forming the apoptosome that initiates apoptosis. It also plays a key role in electron transport within mitochondria.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, Cytochrome c binds an adapter protein that recruits procaspase, resulting in the formation of the apoptosome, a complex that activates initiator caspases. The mitochondrial exit of Cytochrome c is facilitated since it is a peripheral membrane protein, which exists in both membrane-bound and unbound states within the mitochondrion.
Upon release into the cytosol, its interaction with adapter proteins and ultimately procaspase leads to the conversion of procaspase to active caspase, thereby initiating apoptosis. Cytochrome c also plays a crucial role in the electron transport chain, reflecting its importance in cellular respiration and energy production.