Final answer:
Bak and Bax are Bcl2 related proteins that play a fundamental role in increasing apoptosis by releasing cytochrome C after receiving a signal, which leads to a series of events ending in cell death.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Bcl2 related proteins that activate the increase of apoptosis are Bak and Bax. These proteins are crucial components of the outer mitochondrial membrane channels that, upon receiving a signal, release cytochrome C into the cytosol. This release initiates a cascade of molecular events leading to programmed cell death, or apoptosis. Active caspases, which are proteolytic enzymes, are then released to digest cellular proteins, systematically dismantling the cell.
Proapoptotic processes are vital for the development and maintenance of cellular health by eliminating cells that are no longer necessary or are damaged. Proteins such as p53 also play a key role in the regulation of apoptosis. P53 is involved in cell cycle control and activates genes necessary for DNA repair or apoptosis when repair is not possible. The serine/threonine protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A are also mentioned as significant players in apoptosis.