Final answer:
Kinesin and dynein use ATP hydrolysis to facilitate their movement along microtubules, transporting cellular cargo and aiding in important cellular functions like organelle transport and cell division.
Step-by-step explanation:
Kinesin and dynein motor proteins each use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to power their movements along microtubules. These molecular motors are involved in important cellular processes such as the transport of organelles, as in the case of neurotransmitter vesicles in neurons, where kinesin and dynein transport these vesicles anterograde and retrograde, respectively. In addition to vesicle transport, dynein plays a role in the sliding of microtubules for the movement of cilia and flagella, and during mitosis to help separate the spindle fibers during cell division.
allowing cargo, such as organelles and neurotransmitters, to be transported to their proper destinations inside cells.