Final answer:
Max Perutz used x-ray diffraction to determine the structure of hemoglobin, which has significantly advanced our understanding of protein function.
Step-by-step explanation:
Max Perutz solved the structure of hemoglobin using x-ray diffraction. While X-ray diffraction is commonly known for its role in the discovery of the double-helical structure of DNA by Watson, Crick, and Wilkins, based on data provided by Rosalind Franklin, the technique has been instrumental in other significant scientific discoveries as well. Max Perutz utilized x-ray diffraction to determine the structure of hemoglobin, the protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood. This marked a pivotal moment in structural biology and contributed greatly to our understanding of how proteins function at a molecular level. Perutz's work, alongside that of many others using x-ray crystallography, underscores the impact this technology has had in advancing the field of molecular biology.