Final answer:
The probability that a plant will be dwarf and yellow in the F2 generation, based on Mendel's fourth postulate of independent assortment, is 3/16.
Step-by-step explanation:
Based on Mendel's fourth postulate of independent assortment, if the F2 generation is expected to have a 3/4 probability of being tall (T) for plant height and a 1/4 probability of being green (g) for seed color, we must identify the probability of the opposite phenotypes, which are dwarf (t) and yellow (Y), respectively. Since tall and dwarf are opposites, the probability of a plant being dwarf is also 1/4. Similarly, since yellow and green are opposites and yellow is the dominant phenotype, its probability in a monohybrid cross would be 3/4. To find the probability that a plant in the F2 generation will be dwarf (tt) and yellow (YY or Yy), we use the product rule of probability which states that the probability of two independent events both occurring is the product of their individual probabilities. In this case, (1/4) × (3/4) = 3/16. Thus, the probability that a plant will be dwarf and yellow in the F2 generation is 3/16.