Final answer:
Motor neurons, also as efferent neurons, relay information from the brain and central nervous system to muscles or glands, triggering actions such as muscle contractions or gland secretions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Motor neurons, also known as efferent neurons, are specialized cells within the nervous system responsible for conveying information from integrating centers such as the brain to effector organs like muscles or glands. These neurons act as messengers, transmitting electrical impulses from the central nervous system to their target effector organs, causing a particular action or response.
An example of this is the contraction of a muscle when a motor neuron delivers a neural impulse to it. In the case of glands, motor neurons can trigger the secretion of hormones or other substances. The function of motor neurons is crucial in the somatic nervous system, which is associated with voluntary movements, as well as within the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary body functions. Therefore, the correct answer to describe the neurons that relay information from the brain to muscles or glands would be motor neurons.