Final answer:
Normal cells exposed to DNA-damaging treatments like ionizing radiation can undergo a disruption of DNA structure, leading to impaired cell function and potentially cancer. However, the same radiation can treat cancer by targeting rapidly dividing cells. The treatment must carefully balance therapeutic benefits against the risk of inducing cancer.
Step-by-step explanation:
When normal cells are exposed to treatments that damage DNA, such as ionizing radiation or DNA-altering drugs, several outcomes can occur. The major effect of such treatments is the disruption of DNA structure. This can impede a cell's ability to reproduce normally and affect protein synthesis along with other critical cellular functions. If the cell's DNA repair capabilities are compromised, the consequences can include abnormal cell growth, cancer formation, and tissue damage. Cells that are rapidly dividing, like cancer cells, are particularly vulnerable to the effects of ionizing radiation. As such, radiation therapy selectively targets these cells, which allows for the treatment and potential cure of cancer. However, it's vital to note that ionizing radiation can also mutate DNA in normal cells, potentially triggering the development of cancer. Thus, the same agent that is used to treat cancer can also cause it, posing as both a cure and cause without contradiction. Special consideration is required when using ionizing radiation for treatment, as certain cell types and developmental stages are more sensitive to its effects. Therefore, a delicate balance is required to maximize the therapeutic benefits while minimizing potential harm.