Final answer:
The following could make group selection as strong an evolutionary force as individual selection is C. groups are well connected by gene flow
Step-by-step explanation:
Group selection can become as strong an evolutionary force as individual selection when groups are born and go extinct as fast as individuals are born and die. In this scenario, the fitness of individuals within the group becomes crucial for the survival and reproduction of the group as a whole. For example, if a group has individuals with traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success, the group as a whole will have a higher chance of passing on those traits to future generations.
On the other hand, if several generations pass before groups go extinct, individual selection becomes the dominant force driving evolution. Under such circumstances, the fitness of individuals within the group becomes less important for the long-term survival and evolution of the group.
If groups are well connected by gene flow, it can promote the spread of advantageous traits throughout the population and maintain genetic diversity. Gene flow allows for the exchange of genetic material between different groups, increasing the overall fitness of the population. Therefore, the correct answer is C. groups are well connected by gene flow. When groups are well connected, it increases the potential for group selection to be as strong as individual selection.