Final answer:
Membrane proteins that span the lipid bilayer are called integral proteins with amphipathic regions. Membrane-associated proteins that do not span the bilayer have amphipathic α helixes. Peripheral membrane proteins are linked to the membrane noncovalently.
Step-by-step explanation:
There are several ways that membrane proteins can associate with the cell membrane. Membrane proteins that extend through the lipid bilayer are called integral proteins and have amphipathic regions that are exposed to the interior of the bilayer. On the other hand, membrane-associated proteins do not span the bilayer and instead associate with the membrane through an α helix that is amphipathic. Other proteins are covalently attached to lipid molecules that are inserted in the membrane. Peripheral membrane proteins are linked to the membrane through noncovalent interactions with other membrane-bound proteins.