Final answer:
The enzymes that synthesize new membrane phospholipids are attached to the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum. Cholesterol is located within the tail bilayer of plasma membranes, and the nucleus is the organelle surrounded by two phospholipid bilayers. Peripheral membrane proteins synthesized in the lumen of the ER end up on the outside of the plasma membrane.
Step-by-step explanation:
New membrane phospholipids are synthesized by enzymes that are bound to the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is (c) cytosolic, endoplasmic reticulum.
Cholesterol is an integral part of plasma membranes and is found embedded within the phospholipid tail bilayer, based on its structure, making the correct answer (c) within the tail bilayer.
The nucleus is the organelle that is surrounded by two phospholipid bilayers, so the answer is (d) nucleus.
Phospholipids are crucial constituents of the plasma membrane of cells, thus the correct answer is (a) the plasma membrane of cells.
If a peripheral membrane protein were synthesized in the lumen of the ER, it would end up on the outside of the plasma membrane once the vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane during the process of exocytosis.