Final answer:
In prokaryotes like E. coli, the two identical alpha subunits of RNA polymerase are encoded by the same DNA. The feature that allows the AUC and AUA codons to specify the same amino acid is known as degeneracy of the genetic code. Genome size varies among different species, so the same size kiwifruit and strawberry do not necessarily contain the same amount of DNA.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question about which two subunits are encoded by the same DNA pertains to the structure of RNA polymerase in prokaryotes such as E. coli. In E. coli, RNA polymerase is comprised of five subunits, two of which are identical alpha (α) subunits. These subunits are responsible for assembling the polymerase on the DNA. The other subunits (β and β') have different functions, with β binding to the ribonucleoside triphosphate and β' binding the DNA template strand. The fifth subunit, sigma (σ), is critical for transcription initiation. Without the σ subunit, the core enzyme would not be able to accurately transcribe genes. Regarding the shared DNA encoding, the two identical α subunits would be encoded by the same DNA region.
Regarding the question about the genetic code and the AUC and AUA codons for isoleucine, the feature of the genetic code that allows both AUC and AUA to specify the same amino acid is known as degeneracy. Degeneracy means that multiple codons can code for the same amino acid, which is due to the third base in the codon sometimes being variable (wobble position) yet still allowing the tRNA to pair with the corresponding amino acid.
Lastly, the question regarding whether a kiwifruit and strawberry of the same size would have the same amount of DNA cannot necessarily be answered affirmatively. While organism size can sometimes be related to genome size, it is not a direct correlation and different species have widely varying amounts of DNA. Genome size is organism-specific and can be affected by a variety of factors, including the presence of repetitive DNA sequences, variations in gene number, and noncoding DNA.