Final answer:
The technique not used in genetic testing involving hybridization is chromosome walking. Genetic recombination occurs through crossing over, and cytogenetic mapping, radiation hybrid mapping, and sequence mapping are primary genomic mapping techniques.
Step-by-step explanation:
Genetic Testing Methods Not Involving Hybridization
Among the options provided, chromosome walking is not a method used in genetic testing that involves hybridization between single-stranded nucleic acid molecules. This technique, instead, is a method used to locate and to sequence genes in a chromosome. However, Southern blot analysis, RFLP analysis, northern blot analysis, and microarray analysis all involve hybridization. In essence, chromosome walking is used for locating specific genes within a chromosome by using overlapping DNA probes to move progressively across a large region of DNA.
Genetic Recombination
Genetic recombination occurs by the process of crossing over, which is a mechanism where genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. This process significantly contributes to the genetic diversity observed in offspring.
Genomic Mapping Techniques
Three primary methods of creating maps to evaluate genomes discussed are cytogenetic mapping, which involves the use of a microscope to analyze stained sections of chromosomes to find genetic markers; radiation hybrid mapping, which uses radiation to break DNA and is unaffected by recombination frequency; and sequence mapping, which utilizes DNA sequencing technology to create physical maps.