Final answer:
DNA synthesis requires a multitude of enzymes and proteins, such as DNA polymerase, to catalyze the replication process. Similarly, protein synthesis involves mRNA, ribosomes, tRNAs, and numerous enzymes working together to translate genetic information into functional proteins.
Step-by-step explanation:
True, DNA synthesis does not happen spontaneously; it indeed requires a system of specialized enzymes and proteins to coordinate the complex process. Key among these is DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand, utilizing energy from nucleotide triphosphates. This enzyme works in concert with other proteins that help unwind the DNA and stabilize the unzipped strands. The process is further complicated as one strand, the leading strand, is synthesized continuously, while the other, the lagging strand, is synthesized in segments requiring multiple primers and hence sees more activity from DNA polymerase.
In the context of protein synthesis, the role of mRNA, ribosomes, tRNAs, and enzymatic factors gets highlighted. Transcription is where DNA's genetic code is transcribed into RNA, which then undergoes translation wherein the mRNA serves as a template to synthesize proteins. An ensemble of ribosomes, tRNAs, and enzymes decodes mRNA into a sequence of amino acids, forming a protein. This entire process underscores the sophistication of cellular machinery and the requirement for a multitude of molecular participants to execute these genetic instructions accurately.