Final answer:
Sexual dimorphism refers to the differences between males and females in physical or physiological traits beyond reproductive organs. It results from sexual selection processes that influence the likelihood of reproductive success. Such traits vary across species and can include body size, coloration, and specific adornments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The differences between males and females of a species are called sexual dimorphism. This biological term denotes the presence of physical or physiological differences between males and females, other than their reproductive organs. For instance, male peacocks exhibit vibrant plumage, while peahens are more subdued in coloration. These dimorphic traits arise from sexual selection, a process where certain traits become more common in a population because they increase an individual's chances of reproductive success. Sexual dimorphism can be expressed in various ways, including body size, coloration, and the presence of specific adornments, all of which can directly influence mating success. Notably, the concept of sexual dimorphism encompasses a wide range amongst species, with some even experiencing sex-role reversals, where females display traits traditionally associated with males.