Final answer:
The term for a mutation that restores the wild-type phenotype via a mutation in a different gene is B) Intergenic suppressor mutation, which compensates for the original mutation's effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct term for a mutation that restores the wild-type phenotype through a mutation in a gene other than the one containing the original mutation is B) Intergenic suppressor mutation. This type of mutation occurs in a different gene than the one with the original mutation and can compensate for the effects of the original mutation. An intergenic suppressor mutation allows for the reestablishment of, or an approximation to, the original function that was disrupted by the initial mutation.
Missense mutations are those where a single nucleotide change results in the substitution of a different amino acid, which could potentially render the resulting protein non-functional. Meanwhile, a frameshift mutation can occur due to the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide, causing a shift in the reading frame of the genetic code and potentially leading to the formation of a completely different sequence of amino acids.