Final answer:
The concept sociologists use to describe a social organization where males dominate females is called patriarchy. It demonstrates gender inequality in various social structures and is highlighted by conflict theory as a source of social problems when dominant groups oppress subordinate ones.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sociologists use the concept of patriarchy to describe a social organization in which males dominate females. Patriarchy is a system of social inequality based on gender, where power is predominantly in the hands of men, and characteristics associated with femininity are less valued. It extends from family units, where the eldest male may control resources and decisions, to broader societal structures where men hold leadership roles and women are often marginalized.
Conflict theory posits that social problems arise when dominant groups (like men in a patriarchal society) exploit or oppress subordinate groups (such as women), creating gender inequality as seen in historical struggles like the Women's Suffrage Movement or current debates over women's reproductive rights.
It is important to note that while some argue that patriarchy is no longer a powerful force, many social scientists highlight ways in which patriarchy continues to affect women's lives, reflecting systemic gender inequality.