Question

The difference between primary and secondary deviance in labeling theory is that primary deviance can lead to labeling, and the labeling in turn can prompt secondary deviant behavior.

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Answer 1

Primary deviance refers to norm violations that don't alter one's self-concept or behavior long-term, while secondary deviance is the process where individuals change their behaviors and self-concept after being labeled as deviant, potentially leading to that deviance as a master status.

Step-by-step explanation:

The difference between primary deviance and secondary deviance in labeling theory relates to individual responses to societal labels after norm violations. Primary deviance occurs when an individual commits a deviant act but does not result in a change in self-concept or behavior long-term. Examples include minor offenses like speeding where a person does not internalize the deviant label.

Contrastingly, secondary deviance begins when this label results in a change in the individual's self-concept and behaviors, often due to the reinforced perception of the individual as deviant by society. For instance, when a student is labeled a 'troublemaker' for certain actions and then accepts and intensifies this behavior, they are exhibiting secondary deviance. This can eventually lead to deviance becoming a master status, overshadowing other aspects of their identity.

Labeling theory explores the relationship between labeling and deviant behavior, highlighting how reactions from others can lead to an internalization of deviant self-concepts, potentially promoting further deviant acts as seen in secondary deviance.