Final answer:
To counter wrist and hand contractures, engage in exercises that maintain a balance between the extensor and flexor muscle groups, using stretching and range-of-motion exercises to keep muscles flexible and strong. Pay particular attention to the extensor carpi radialis brevis and flexor carpi radialis muscles. Ensure a routine that involves the full range of wrist and finger motions to avoid contractures.
Step-by-step explanation:
To counter wrist and hand contractures, one must understand the anatomy and functions of the muscles and tendons involved. Muscles like the extensor carpi radialis brevis help to extend and abduct the hand at the wrist, thus playing a role in increasing the joint angle. Meanwhile, muscles such as the flexor carpi radialis contribute to flexing and abducting the hand at the wrist, thereby reducing the joint angle. To prevent or treat contractures, it is essential to maintain a balance between these opposing muscle groups through regular stretching and range-of-motion exercises, ensuring that neither set of muscles becomes overly tight or dominant.
Muscles that assist in bending the hand up toward the shoulder, tilting the hand away from the body, and stabilizing the wrist are also crucial. The forearm's tendons, which are sheathed by fibrous bands called retinacula, extend into the hand. The flexor retinaculum covers the palmar surface, while the extensor retinaculum covers the dorsal surface, ensuring that the tendons are kept in place during muscle contractions. Regular exercise focused on both flexor and extensor groups can help maintain the flexibility and strength necessary to prevent contractures. Specific exercises may include wrist extensions, flexions, radial and ulnar deviations, and finger exercises like making a fist or finger extension.