Final answer:
Integrins are crucial transmembrane receptors that impact cell motility, adhesion, and proliferation by mediating attachment to the extracellular matrix and signaling for various cellular functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The structure that affects cell motility, adhesion, and proliferation is integrins. Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors that are essential for cell attachment to the extracellular matrix (ECM) through interacting with ECM proteins such as fibronectins, laminins, and collagens. This interaction is pivotal in orchestrating a variety of cellular functions. For instance, integrins facilitate cell migration during embryogenesis by binding to fibronectin in the ECM, which acts as a pathway for cell movement to their final destination. Besides, they are involved in signaling cell and tissue differentiation, and in establishing proper cell junctions that are critical for stimulating tissue development and for materials serving as scaffolds in tissue engineering applications.