Final answer:
The Nernst equation, derived by Walter Nernst, is used to calculate the equilibrium potential for a particular ion during a redox reaction, considering variables like electron transfer, temperature, and mixture composition.
Step-by-step explanation:
The equation that allows one to calculate the equilibrium potential for a particular ion is the Nernst equation, which was derived by the German physicist and chemist Walter Nernst (1864-1941). The Nernst equation is a fundamental relationship in electrochemistry that relates the potential of a solution to the concentrations of the reactants and products in a redox reaction. This equation is particularly useful for describing how the potential of a redox system, such as a galvanic cell, varies from its standard state value. It takes into account variables such as the number of electrons transferred (n), the temperature (T), and the reaction mixture composition as reflected in the reaction quotient (Q).