Final answer:
Punctuated equilibrium is a theory of evolutionary change that suggests long periods of stasis followed by rapid changes. It is different from saltations, which are sudden and large-scale changes leading to new species.
Step-by-step explanation:
Punctuated equilibrium is a theory of evolutionary change that suggests species remain constant for long periods of time and that change occurs rapidly when it does happen. It is different from saltations, which are sudden and large-scale changes from the parent species that give rise to a new species. Punctuated equilibrium is characterized by long periods of stasis, or no change, followed by quick periods of change due to various environmental factors. While saltations involve rapid change, punctuated equilibrium does not necessarily exclude gradualism.