Final answer:
When a bank gives John money for his business equipment, it's called a loan. Loans enable small businesses to get essential capital for their operations.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a bank provides John money for a hamburger maker necessary for his business, this financial service is referred to as a loan.
In this context, a loan can help small businesses like John's acquire the capital they need to make important purchases or investments that are essential for the startup and operation of their business.
Depending on their needs, small business owners might also seek funding from other sources, such as personal savings, borrowing against personal assets, or securing investments from angel investors.