Final answer:
The correct flight test en-route requirements for PPL are a heading of ±10 degrees and ±200 feet, while CPL requires a heading of ±10 degrees and ±100 feet. For the given vectors, the pilot's total straight-line distance and direction must be calculated through vector addition, and the effect of northern winds on flight depends on their speed and the plane's airspeed.
Step-by-step explanation:
The requirements for the flight test en-route section (Exercise 23) for Private Pilot License (PPL) and Commercial Pilot License (CPL) pertain to the accuracy with which a pilot must maintain a heading and altitude during a flight test. The correct options are b) for PPL: Heading ±10 degrees, ±200 feet and for CPL: Heading ±10 degrees, ±100 feet. Pilots are given slightly stricter standards for CPL to reflect the higher expectations and responsibilities associated with commercial operations.
In relation to a scenario where a pilot flies two legs consisting of 40.0 km at 60° north of east, followed by 30.0 km at 15° north of east, one would calculate the total straight-line distance (R) from the starting point to the final position using vector addition. Additionally, if wind from the north affects the flight, the impact on the course and ground speed will depend on the wind's velocity and the plane's airspeed. A stronger wind or lower airspeed would result in a more significant deviation from the intended flight path.