Final answer:
The strength of turbulence during flight is typically highest on the leeward side of mountains due to the acceleration of air and formation of mountain waves.
Step-by-step explanation:
In mountainous regions, the strength of turbulence is typically the highest on the leeward side of the mountain. This is because as air flows over the top of the mountain and descends down the other side, it can accelerate and become turbulent, a phenomenon known as a mountain wave. Locations like coastal mountain ranges or isolated volcanic peaks are sought after by astronomers for their stable air and minimal atmospheric turbulence, which suggests that valleys and windward sides are typically less turbulent.