Final answer:
Diverticulitis is the condition characterized by painful inflamed intestines often caused by bacterial infection, where pouches in the large intestine become infected and cause symptoms such as abdominal pain and fever.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question pertains to a condition characterized by painful inflamed intestines often caused by a bacterial infection. Among the provided options, diverticulitis is the disease in which one or more pouches (diverticula) in the large intestine become infected and inflamed. People with diverticulosis, the condition where these pouches are present but not inflamed, may develop diverticulitis. In contrast, colitis refers to inflammation of the colon and is often associated with inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Appendicitis involves inflammation of the appendix, and enterocolitis is inflammation affecting both the small intestine and colon.
Painful and inflamed intestines due to bacterial infection are commonly associated with diverticulitis, which presents symptoms such as lower abdominal pain, fever, nausea, diarrhea or constipation, and sometimes blood in the stool. This condition requires medical attention, where treatment may include antibiotics, a liquid diet, or in severe cases, surgery. It is more common in individuals with diverticulosis and can occur in about 10 to 25 percent of these cases.