Final answer:
In the Scientific Management era (1880-1910), motion and time studies were used by Frederick Taylor and other management consultants to improve efficiency in factories.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the Scientific Management era (1880-1910), the motion and time studies were used by Frederick Taylor and other management consultants to improve efficiency in factories. Taylor advocated for the principles of scientific management, which involved careful study of production processes and the elimination of unnecessary steps and wasted motions through time and motion studies. These studies were used to standardize work and check the efficiency of workers and equipment.