Final answer:
Second generation antihistamines, such as Loratadine, Cetirizine, and Fexofenadine, help to relieve allergy symptoms with less sedation compared to first-generation antihistamines like Diphenhydramine. They are effective for short-term use and are over-the-counter drugs that block the histamine action.
Step-by-step explanation:
Second generation antihistamines are a class of drugs that are commonly used to treat allergies without causing sedation. Some examples of less sedating, second generation antihistamines include Loratadine, Cetirizine, and Fexofenadine. These medications are available over-the-counter and are used to relieve allergy symptoms such as nasal congestion, sneezing, and hives. Because they are less likely to enter the brain, they do not cause drowsiness as often as first-generation antihistamines like Diphenhydramine.
Antihistamines work by blocking the action of histamine, a chemical that is released during an allergic reaction. They are typically used for short-term relief of allergy symptoms, and it's recommended to consult a medical professional for long-term use. Treatment for allergies may also involve anti-inflammatory drugs and depending on the severity of the allergic reaction, treatments like anti-inflammatory steroids for type III hypersensitivity reactions or epinephrine for anaphylactic shock.