Final answer:
There are several contraindications to a fluid bolus under the Cardiogenic Shock Medical Directive - AUXILLARY, including pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade, pneumothorax, and aortic valve stenosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Cardiogenic Shock Medical Directive - AUXILLARY, there are several contraindications to a fluid bolus. Some of these contraindications include:
- Pulmonary embolism: a clot that lodges in the pulmonary vessels and interrupts blood flow
- Cardiac tamponade: excess fluid in the pericardial cavity interferes with heart function
- Pneumothorax: an excessive amount of air is present in the thoracic cavity, outside of the lungs
- Stenosis of the aortic valve
These conditions can all interfere with blood flow and the ability of the heart to maintain cardiac output, making a fluid bolus potentially dangerous.