Final answer:
Ketosis is a form of acidosis stemming from excessive fat metabolism, commonly associated with diabetes or situations causing low glucose availability, leading to an overproduction of ketone bodies and a decrease in blood plasma pH.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ketosis is a condition of acidosis resulting from excessive fat metabolism. This occurs in various situations such as fasting, starvation, low carbohydrate diets, prolonged intense exercises, alcoholism, uncontrolled diabetes, or during illnesses like fever, among other conditions. Insufficient insulin availability or impaired insulin function in diabetes mellitus results in low glucose uptake by cells, prompting the body to burn fats, generating an excess of ketone bodies and leading to ketoacidosis. Ketosis is characterized by high levels of ketone bodies in the blood, known as ketonemia, and their increased excretion in urine, known as ketonuria. Blood plasma pH levels fall due to the acidic nature of ketone bodies, which can also cause symptoms such as frequent urination and excessive thirst. Management of this condition involves treatments like a low carbohydrate diet, insulin therapy, or other medications for controlling diabetes.