Final answer:
The most responsive health benefits to exercise are improvements in cardiovascular health and muscular fitness which include reduction of disease risk factors and enhancement of muscle strength and endurance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Regular exercise training offers numerous health-related benefits, with two of the most responsive ones being improvements in cardiovascular health and muscular fitness. Aerobic exercises like walking, cycling, and running greatly enhance cardiovascular health by reducing risk factors such as hypertension, high cholesterol, and body weight, while also increasing insulin sensitivity and good cholesterol. Simultaneously, both aerobic and anaerobic exercises, like weightlifting and sprinting, improve muscular fitness by increasing muscle strength and endurance. Regular physical activity also supports mental health by reducing depression and anxiety, improving self-esteem, and boosting cognitive function.