Final answer:
A manager aiming to identify cause-and-effect in workflow would use a controlled experiment, manipulating variables to see the effects on outcomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
To identify cause-and-effect relationships in workflow, a manager would usually develop a controlled experiment. In a controlled experiment, the manager can change one or more variables to see the effects of such changes on the outcome. It is important for the manager to think carefully about the timeline of events: What happens first, what happens next? Identifying what is cause and what is effect helps in keeping the analysis accurate. A controlled experiment allows for manipulation of variables to discern direct effects, whereas other methods like an observational study or merely developing a hypothesis without testing may not provide the same level of understanding of the workflow's dynamics.